Neck Injury and Dysfunction
When an injury occurs to the neck it can cause dysfunction to the neck, which will stimulate afferent nerve fibres. This sends a signal to the head which is perceived as pain, this is known as cervicogenic headache. Cervicogenic Headaches patients will exhibit dysfunction in the following upper three cervical spine segments, known as C1, C2, and C3.
* O-C1 Atlanto-Occipital joint
* C1-2 Atlanto-Axial joint
* C2-3 Second and third Cervical spine
Sensitised Brainstem
Research indicates that the epicentre of cervicogenic headaches is believed to come from a sensitised brainstem, more importantly an overactive trigeminal cervical nucleus. A brainstem that is sensitised will perceive non-threatening stimuli such as movement or light touch, and create pain to be felt where the sensory information was originally detected.
Those suffering from cervicogenic headaches will have a dysfunction along the O-C1, C1-2, C2-3 or all of the combined 3 segments of the upper cervical spine. The brainstem and more importantly, the Trigemino-Cervical Nucleus (TCN) is located in the upper three cervical spine.
The heightened brainstem sensitivity causes a hyperexcitability of non-painful sensations which causes the Trigeminal Cervical Nucleus to relay the sensory information to the brain. However, due to the heightened sensation, the brain perceives the information as harmful and Cervicogenic Headache sufferers experience headaches and potentially pain similar to that of chronic migraines.
What is a cervicogenic headache?
A cervicogenic headache is a secondary headache that originates in the neck, specifically in the upper cervical spine. The pain typically radiates to the head, often affecting the forehead, temples, or behind the eyes. Unlike migraines, these headaches don’t involve nausea or aura, but are worsened by neck movement.
How long can a cervicogenic headache last?
Cervicogenic headaches can last anywhere from a few hours to several days. If untreated, they may become chronic, with episodes recurring over weeks or months. Early treatment with manual therapy and posture correction can significantly reduce the duration and frequency of these headaches.
What causes cervicogenic headaches?
Cervicogenic headaches are caused by dysfunction in the upper cervical spine (neck), including issues with the O-C1, C1-2, and C2-3 joints. This dysfunction can be caused by poor posture, neck injury, or degenerative changes, which refer pain to the head.
How are cervicogenic headaches diagnosed?
Cervicogenic headaches are diagnosed through a thorough clinical evaluation, including a review of symptoms and physical examination. Range of motion testing, palpation of the neck, and reproducing head pain with pressure on the upper cervical spine are common diagnostic steps. Imaging may also be used to rule out other conditions.
What are common triggers for cervicogenic headaches?
Common triggers include poor posture, neck injury, stress, and prolonged desk work. Certain neck movements, such as looking up for extended periods or turning the head, may also trigger cervicogenic headaches. Managing these triggers can help reduce headache frequency.
What helps relieve cervicogenic headaches?
Relieving cervicogenic headaches often involves correcting the underlying neck dysfunction through manual therapy, neck exercises, and posture improvement. The Watson Headache Approach is a highly effective treatment that focuses on the cervical spine to provide long-term relief from pain.
How do I know if I have a cervicogenic headache?
Cervicogenic headaches are often identified by pain that originates in the neck and radiates to the head. If you experience pain worsened by neck movement or pressure on the neck, it’s likely cervicogenic. These headaches are typically not accompanied by nausea or aura, unlike migraines.
What should I do if I have a cervicogenic headache?
If you have a cervicogenic headache, temporary relief can be achieved by resting, applying heat or cold to the neck, and gentle neck stretches. However, for recurring or persistent symptoms, it’s important to seek professional treatment. Sydney Headache and Migraine Clinic™ offers targeted therapies, including the Watson Headache Approach, to address the root cause of the headache.
How are cervicogenic headaches treated?
Treatment for cervicogenic headaches focuses on addressing the underlying neck dysfunction. Manual therapy, neck exercises, and posture correction are key aspects of treatment. The Watson Headache Approach is often used at Sydney Headache and Migraine Clinic™ to relieve pain and prevent recurrence.
